Smoking Prohibited With Minors In Vehicles Essays - Smoking

Smoking Prohibited With Minors In Vehicles Shaw 2 Smoking Prohibited with Minors in Vehicles Kids don't have a decision whether a grown-up smokes while driving a vehicle. As indicated by Chest magazine, 4.8 million American youngsters have been determined to have asthma. The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta report that in 1993, 159,000 kids younger than fifteen were hospitalized for intense asthma, and 5,300 individuals kicked the bucket. The American Lung Association expresses that the yearly medicinal services cost for asthma is 12.6 billion dollars. ?The estimation of diminished efficiency because of loss of school days spoke to the biggest single roundabout cost identified with asthma, drawing closer $1 billion.? The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease expresses that, ?More than 10 million school days are missed every year because of asthma.? ?Every year in America, there are around 10.4 million doctor office visits for the treatment of asthma. Around 33% of those visits are for patients younger than 18,? as detailed in the New England Journal of M edicine. This law would be approved by the United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3To manage Commerce with outside Nations, and among the few States, and with the Indian Tribes.? This Commerce Clause would relate to those people going in vehicles. Included approval is found in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18. The important and legitimate proviso would take into account the clever thought of managing singular propensities inside exclusive vehicles. In American Government and Politics Shaw 3 Today, this statement ?has permitted Congress to adjust the administration to changing needs and times?. Authorization of this law would be designated to each state. Each state's Department of Transportation, Highway/State Patrol would likewise then implement this law. Neighborhood law/County Sheriff workplaces would give their help in like manner. As expressed in the Children's Asthma Relief Act of 1999, ?Asthma is regularly an incessant ailment that is treatable with wandering consideration, yet more than 43 percent of its monetary effect originates from utilization of crisis rooms, hospitalization, and passing. Kids matured 0 to 5 years who are presented to maternal smoking are multiple times bound to create asthma contrasted and those liberated from presentation.? Kids don't get the chance to pick with whom they ride, nor what the driver of the vehicle does. There have been a few open developments to expose the situation of youngster disregard and misuse. There has been no development to advise the American open about a youngster's entitlement to inhale outside air in a vehicle. Smoking in a vehicle can be considered as destructive as blowing smoke straightforwardly into a youngster's face in a little room. As a parent of a youngster with asthma, I feel that more guardians ought to think about their kid's wellbeing and prosperity. As a smoker, I likewise understand that numerous guardians may not understand the measure of damage they are perpetrating upon their kid. Smoking close to kids, or even in a similar room, ought to be considered as injurious as permitting a minor to devour liquor. The option to smoke, hurtful as it might be, is still just an individual right. The demonstration of dirtying a youngster's lungs is certifiably not a right , and ought to be viewed as a wrongdoing. Shaw 4 There are as of now no laws controlling smoking in exclusive vehicles. There are laws that boycott smoking in government structures, work environments, and open eateries. Kids would profit enormously by having the option to inhale clean air inside the limits of a vehicle. Guardians would profit with conceivably lower wellbeing costs, as would their medical coverage organizations. Business and industry would profit by diminishing the efficiency misfortune because of medical issues. The translation of the Commerce Clause would be influenced by the guideline of the act of smoking in an exclusive vehicle. Catalog none Political Theory

Short Term and Long Term Financing

Momentary Finance What is Short Term Financing? Transient financing is fundamentally alludes to extra cash for a business which requires for maintaining its business for short terms which is typically a time of one year. There are a few wellsprings of momentary fund which are as following:- Overdraft bank essentially implies an office that the bank gives to its clients where the client is offered consent to attract cash from the banks overflow of their parity in their beneficiary bank accounts.When taking overdraft from the bank, the record must be zero to get additional items expansion of cash and the financing cost will be high and we need to take care of the bank in a brief timeframe. Exchange Credit Trade credit alludes to purchasing items and servicers of a business which needs over the span of its business using a credit card, contingent upon the exchange rehearses common in a specific industry, the nature of the business connection between the provider and the organization may give an alternate timeframe to pay the items and administrations they purchase from various suppliers.Exactly as organizations get their credit from their providers, they should likewise offer credit to their clients. The clients are offered 50 to 60 days to cover up the tabs. Following 60 days, intrigue will be applied on the clients. On the off chance that the clients can't pay, the will be requested portion plan. Bank Loans Bank Loan implies credits which are given to banks which need to reimbursed their portion over a fixed timeframe which might be short or long haul period. Despite the fact that it is called bank credits, these advances can be push ahead by banks or other money related institution.Usually advances like this are commonly given for a specific explanation, for example, acquisition of capital hardware. Points of interest/Disadvantages of Short Term Finance Short term financing is a technique to raise subsidizes which includes money related duty that is should have been reimbursed inside a year or less. Transient financing is adaptable and a quick path for organizations to get working capital for their every day tasks. The principle inconvenience is that an organization might be excessively reliant on momentary assets and threatened to high financial charges and intrigue rate.This will may influence the net revenues. Speed Short-term credits can be accomplished a lot of quick and simpler contrasted with long haul financing. Moneylenders won't make through an assessment of the company’s represent momentary loaning contrasted with the case they accomplish for long haul credits. Medium size organizations don't have enormous measure of money and are powerless against unexpected monetary stuns, for example, non-installment by a key indebted person. Adaptability Small organizations normally have occasional varieties in the money and need access to capital over that period.Overdraft security is one of the type of transient fund where the bank consents to pay the company’s money withdrawals, checks, and electronic charges to a specific breaking point. The loan specialist will charge an expense for this office on any equalization extraordinary. The expense of momentary fund might be lesser contrasted with the drawn out money where the expense might be higher. Downside to this kind of transient money adaptability is that the bank can pull back the overdraft insurance in a short notification. Hazard Market conditions, for example, retreat, may cost the independent companies into getting an enormous sum on a present moment basis.Short term fund can be a hazard factor for the borrower A transient credit can be recharged by the loan specialist on a specific terms than the first agreement. This doesn't just purpose the organizations to confront a significant expense of capital, it will be unable to support the measure of obligation gathered. This will place the organization in a frail position where it could make the org anization be bankrupt. The executives Lenders who broaden their transient financing doesn't include themselves in the business choices about capital investment.Long-term account is partner by the quantity of arrangements, for example, tops on the compensations of the organizations principals or cutoff points on other monetary courses of action, which will confine the business activities. Long haul Finance What is long haul money? Long haul fund is fundamentally holding an advantage for an extensive stretch of time. Giving the kind of security and a drawn out resource can be hold as short as 1 year or up to 25 years or more. Long haul account likewise implies subsidizing which are gotten for a time allotment surpassing the length of one year.When business acquires cash from a bank utilizing long haul money strategies, it will anticipate that the advance should be taken care of over one year. Model, making installments on a multi year contract. Long - term account are as a rule for ex tension of new markets, acquisition of advantages, for example, apparatus, land and structures and business development through the securing of different organizations or properties. Its kinds of long haul account are as following :- Venture capital Venture capital is turning into an inexorably significant wellspring of money for developing companies.Venture entrepreneurs are commonly exceptionally rich gatherings of organizations or people which explicitly set up for interest in creating organizations. Financial speculators are as a rule watching out for organizations with have potential. They are prepared to offer cash to assist organizations with growing, consequently the investor get some responsibility for organization just as offer in the benefits made. Financial speculators typically are set up to take ventures which have a high hazard and which a few banks probably won't wan to get include in.The favorable position of this may be heavier on the grounds that the chance of the organizations losing a portion of their freedom in settling on a choice. Case of financial speculators who are likewise called as private value firms are Hermes Private Equity Debentures If an organization needs to acquire a major measure of cash for a long however fixed timeframe, it can get from the overall population by giving advance declarations called Debentures. The aggregate sum acquired is separated into units of fixed sum. These are debentures are generally offered to people in general to buy in a similar way as it is done on account of shares.A debenture is given under a seal of the organization. It is composed for affirmation of cash acquired. It additionally determines the terms the terms and conditions, for example, security offered, pace of intrigue and time reimbursement. There hardly any sorts of debentures which are as following :- 1. Redeemable debentures and irredeemable debentures Redeemable debentures These are debentures which are repayable on a pre-organized date or whenever depending to their development gave the organization wish and gives a notification with that impact. Irredeemable DebenturesThese irredeemable debentures are additionally called unending debentures. An organization isn't limited to reimburse the sum during the timeframe given. In the event that the giving organization neglects to pay the intrigue, it needs to recover such debentures 2. Convertible Debentures and Non-convertible Debentures Convertible Debentures The holders of these convertible debentures are given the choices to change over their convertible debentures into value offers and proportions as chose by the organization. Non-Convertible Debentures These non-convertible debentures can't be changed over into sharesMortgage Mortgage is an advance explicitly for the acquisition of a property. Generally organizations don't accepting property through a home loan. Home loans are normally utilized as a security for an advance. This will in general occur with lit tler organizations. Model, A sole dealer running a flower specialist shop should move to a bigger reason. They will discover a shop with a cost of $100,000. To give this kind of cash, the bank will need to have a type of security as an assurance that if the borrower can't take care of the cash to the bank, the bank will have the option to get back their money.The borrower can utilize their own property as a security for the advance, it is gotten taking out a subsequent home loan. On the off chance that the business can't repay the bank the advance then the bank has the privilege to take the house and offer it to recoup their cash. Utilizing contract along these lines is a decent method of rising fund for private ventures yet it likewise conveys a major hazard. Points of interest/Disadvantages of Long-term fund Stability If we have a drawn out financing, that implies we have a security and no compelling reason to look for financing frequently contrasted with present moment financing. This additionally implies that it will be simpler to extend our incomes and profit as we will know our costs each month. Momentary financing doesn't offer these points of interest, since we need to continually renegotiate the conditions of our understanding. Cost of Capital Having a drawn out financing gives us a superior thought of the drawn out expense of capital. By along these lines we will have a superior comprehension on which tasks merit seeking after or not. In the event that we don’t have long haul financing set up, our expense of capital may change all our arrangement of our terms.This will lead us to more disarray in making sense of what sort of productivity we are searching for in a venture. Contrasts between present moment and long haul fund Duration Most of the momentary financing happen over brief time of one year, despite the fact that a portion of the sources can last as long as three years or more. Anyway long haul financing resembles home loan which for the most part have a more drawn out timeframe as long as 30 years. Premium Short-term financing is reimbursed over a brief timeframe, the premium expense to get the cash will be smaller.However, long haul sources, for example, Bank credits which have high loan cost because of the measure of time taken to reimburse the capital. Types Short-term and long haul wellsprings of financing vary in instrument type. Case of momentary sources incorporates leases, transient business advances, creditor liability and bank overdraft inclusion. Anyway case of long haul sources incorporates held profit, fund leases, investments and friends shares Which one is increasingly desirable over pick present moment or long haul finance?Conclusion, it would be by and large be smarter to pick

Managing Conflict in Relationships Communication Tips

Managing Conflict in Relationships Communication Tips Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Improve Your Relationships With Effective Communication Skills By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 ONOKY - Eric Audras / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Conflict in a relationship is virtually inevitable. In itself, conflict isn’t a problem; how it’s handled, however, can bring people together or tear them apart. Poor communication skills, disagreements, and misunderstandings can be a source of anger and distance  or a springboard to a stronger relationship and a happier future. Tips for Effective Communication Next time you’re dealing with conflict, keep these tips on effective communication skills in mind and you can create a more positive outcome.  Heres how. Stay Focused Sometimes it’s tempting to bring up past seemingly related conflicts when dealing with current ones. It feels relevant to address everything thats bothering you at once and get it all talked about while youre already dealing with one conflict. Unfortunately, this often clouds the issue and makes finding mutual understanding and a solution to the current issue less likely, and makes the whole discussion more taxing and even confusing. Try not to bring up past hurts or other topics. Stay focused on the present, your feelings, understanding one another and finding a solution. Practicing mindfulness meditation can help you to learn to be more present in all areas of your life. Listen Carefully People often think they’re listening, but are really thinking about what they’re going to say next when the other person stops talking. Try to notice if you do that the next time youre in a discussion. Truly effective communication goes both ways. While it might be difficult, try really listening to what your partner is saying. Don’t interrupt. Don’t get defensive. Just hear them and reflect back what they’re saying so they know you’ve heard. Then you’ll understand them better and they’ll be more willing to listen to you. Try to See Their Point of View In a conflict, most of us primarily want to feel heard and understood. We talk a lot about our point of view to get the other person to see things our way. This is understandable, but too much of a focus on our own desire to be understood above all else can backfire. Ironically, if we all do this all the time, there’s little focus on the other person’s point of view, and nobody feels understood. Try to really see the other side, and then you can better explain yours. (If you dont get it, ask more questions until you do.) Others will more likely be willing to listen if they feel heard. Respond to Criticism With Empathy When someone comes at you with criticism, it’s easy to feel that they’re wrong  and get defensive. While criticism is hard to hear and often exaggerated or colored by the other person’s emotions, it’s important to listen to the other person’s pain and respond with empathy for their feelings. Also, look for what’s true in what they’re saying; that can be valuable information for you. Own What’s Yours Realize that personal responsibility is a strength, not a weakness. Effective communication involves admitting when you’re wrong. If you both share some responsibility in a conflict (which is usually the case), look for and admit to what’s yours. It diffuses the situation, sets a good example, and shows maturity. It also often inspires the other person to respond in kind, leading you both closer to mutual understanding and a solution. Use “I” Messages Rather than saying things like, “You really messed up here,” begin statements with “I”, and make them about yourself and your feelings, like, “I feel frustrated when this happens.” It’s less accusatory, sparks less defensiveness, and helps the other person understand your point of view rather than feeling attacked. Look for Compromise Instead of trying to win the argument, look for solutions that meet everybody’s needs. Either through compromise  or a new creative solution that gives you both what you want most, this focus is much more effective than one person getting what they want at the other’s expense. Healthy communication involves finding a resolution that both sides can be happy with. Take a Time-Out Sometimes tempers get heated and it’s just too difficult to continue a discussion without it becoming an argument or a fight. If you feel yourself or your partner starting to get too angry to be constructive, or showing some destructive communication patterns, it’s okay to take a break from the discussion until you both cool off. This can mean taking a walk and cooling off to return to the conversation in half an hour, sleeping on it so you can process what youre feeling a little more, or whatever feels like the best fit for the two of you, as long as you do return to the conversation. Sometimes good communication means knowing when to take a break. Keep at It While taking a break from the discussion is sometimes a good idea, always come back to it. If you both approach the situation with a constructive attitude, mutual respect, and a willingness to see the other’s point of view or at least find a solution, you can make progress toward the goal of a resolution to the conflict. Unless it’s time to give up on the relationship, don’t give up on communication. Ask For Help If You Need It If one or both of you has trouble staying respectful during conflict  or if you’ve tried resolving conflict with your partner on your own and the situation just doesn’t seem to be improving, you might benefit from a few sessions with a therapist. Couples counseling or family therapy can provide help with altercations and teach skills to resolve future conflict. If your partner doesn’t want to go, you can still often benefit from going alone. Bonus Communication Tips Remember that the goal of effective communication skills should be mutual understanding and finding a solution that pleases both parties, not ‘winning’ the argument or ‘being right’.This doesn’t work in every situation, but sometimes (if you’re having a conflict in a romantic relationship) it helps to hold hands or stay physically connected as you talk. This can remind you that you still care about each other and generally support one another.Keep in mind that it’s important to remain respectful of the other person, even if you don’t like their actions.Heres a list of common unhealthy ways to handle conflict. Do you do some of these? If so, your poor communication skills could be causing additional stress in your life.Think youve got this under control? Take our assertiveness quiz and find out.You can also use apps like Happy Couple to improve your relationship.

Reanalyze the Relationship of the West and Islamic...

Samuel P. Huntington thesis has been in center of debates for many years. Moreover, his prediction that main conflicts in near future is between the West (the United States and allies) versus Islamic Civilization has triggered controversy among International Relations scholars. This paper tries to analyze three main supportive arguments from Huntington thesis in the West v. Islam conflict. Democracy System v. Islamic Laws Samuel P. Huntington stated that Muslims unable to accept democracy because of the nature of Islamic law and this situation potentially lead to the virulent clash between the West and Islamic countries. He argued that Islam is the exclusive religion which is not flexible to adopt another political idea. This situation is†¦show more content†¦For comparison, the West accepts blasphemy as one of the manifestation of freedom of speech while Muslim rejects it. Democracy is the system with multi-interpretations. How the U.S. interprets democracy will be different from the rest of the world interpretation. The basic idea of democracy is government which is ruled by the people. Yet, the implementation of democracy is different in each country; it depends on historical and cultural factors in the country. Pakistan, Egypt and Indonesia are Muslim dominated countries that prove their ability to maintain democratic system sustainably. Based on this fact , it is my hypothesis that Islam country fit with democratic system as long their Islamic values still be respected by the West. In the future, the intensive conflict between the West and Islamic countries is avoidable if both parties maintain relationship with a deep mutual understanding. The Resurgence of Islam In his hypothesis towards the rise of Islam, Huntington stated that Arabs in the Middle East passion in defending Islam arise when Saddam Hussein had attacked Israel, the country which is considered as the West’s agent in the Middle East. He urged that this incident has triggered Arabs initiative to unite and build Islamic civilization triumph. Previously, Muslim empire lasted for nearly 1,000 years and at that time Muslims gain

Drug Testing During The Vietnam War - 2271 Words

Drug testing through urinalysis was first used on military personnel coming home from the Vietnam War and on people receiving treatment for drug abuse issues. Since then, drug testing has been done on a wide array of populations, including criminals, parents, children, pregnant women, and employees. â€Å"Drug testing is most prevalent in the United States, where drug enforcement and punishment are primary strategies to address drug use in society† (Macdonald et al., 2001) Policymakers have increasingly blamed key problems of the welfare system, like welfare dependency and the reduced likelihood of getting jobs among recipients, to alcohol and drug addiction. The outcome has been a swarm of new federal, state, and local policies aimed at moving substance abusers off of welfare and towards independence. Schmidt, Weisner, and Wiley (1998) note that in 1997 congress eliminated Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for people with a primary diagnosis of drug addiction. The purpose was to encourage substance abusers to take responsibility for their illegal drug use. Another objective of the federal benefit termination was to address a public perception that â€Å"providing federal disability benefits to drug addicts only enabled their illegal drug use† (Schmidt et al., 1998). â€Å"In 2011, three dozen states considered bills that require applicants to pass a drug test before they qualify for income assistance through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program (TANF)† (Schmidt et al.,Show MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse At The Pennsylvania National Guard888 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals need help before things could potentially become fatal. In the article, Greenagel discusses how one of the major addictions in the military are prescription drugs and how he helps soldiers through the recovery process. His main goal is to spread awareness and to make military officials understand how big of an issue drugs really are and how they can work towards a resolution. He is currently working at the Pennsylvania National Guard as a behavioral health officer to help soldiers withRead MoreCultural Change Of The Vietnam War1387 Words   |  6 PagesAs America was fighting a war for freedom in another country, unruly teens were fighting their own at home. Cultural change, the explosion of free love, youthful rebellion, and a new liberal mindset all seemed to have one underlying device in common; drug use. The late 1960’s into the early and mid-70’s found the perfect environment for recreational drug use. Music and arts celebrated this lifestyle, as well as free thinkers and their idiotic philosophies about spiritual elation through mind alteringRead MoreDrug Testing For Welfare Recipients1347 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of drug testing among welfare recipients. 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Many risk factors that play a role in the Veterans homeless society is lack of support, isolation after discharge, and low housing availability. Many Vietnam veterans experience homelessness, the Housing and Urban Development reportedRead MoreA Brief Note On Fight Drug Resistant Malaria1482 Words   |  6 Pages Dr Tu Youyou 2015 Nobel Prize recipient for finding a drug to fight drug-resistant malaria Chinese Pharmacologist, Dr. Tu Youyou (pronounced Too Yoyo) is the first female Chinese citizen to win a Nobel, and the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel in Medicine (Wsjcom,2015). Having been born, raised and carried out her work in China, she is the first Citizen of The Peoples Republic of China to win a Nobel in Science, despite not having a PhD. (there was no post graduate education until 1979 inRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1560 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurred. When man is placed in a position that is not natural, it can be difficult on a human’s mind to process events and deal with the effects on long term health of a person’s psychological. War is defined as conflict between two different groups of individuals. There are many reasons for why wars and other conflicts happen, but the warfighter has the greatest psychological burden placed on them. Over time understanding and acceptance on dealing with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) hasR ead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1136 Words   |  5 Pagesis not the most accurate testing, just because some medicine and cosmetic product pass an animal test it doesn’t mean it has a beneficial effect on humans. Animal tests have evolved in many ways throughout history in negative and positive ways. A strong negative being that we are different from animals but not just animals we are also different from each other. There are many arguments that we humans wouldn’t be where we are today if it wasn’t for reliance on animal testing. However, because of allRead MorePositive Influence of Hippies on Canadian Society in the 1960s.1330 Words   |  6 PagesHippies on Canadian society in the 1960s. Natasha Kelbas, Ms. Van Hatten December 17th 2009 CHC2D1-05 Hippies are the real activists of freedom who love each other in a positive way. The word hippies generally invoke sterotypes that involves drugs, sex and bare feet. Though it is true that many hippies did practice these sterotypes, they were people who fought for rights and freedom without violence. They gave up the traditional morals and values to promote new values that were about freedom

Political Compromise Free Essays

The political compromise during the period of 1820 to 1860 was unable to reduce sectional tension during this time period. According to Tom Meltzer and Jean H. Bennett, in their book Cracking the Ap U. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Compromise or any similar topic only for you Order Now s. History Exam, â€Å"The new period of expansion resulted in a national debate over slavery, as would every period of expansion to follow until the Civil War resolved the slavery question. † The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and†¦ were just a quick fix for the inevitable to come, the civil war. The political compromises of this time period were not able to meet their final goal, primarily because of misunderstandings The Missouri compromise, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, helped balance the U. S. Senate. The compromise was one of the first measures anticipating the Civil War, It was helpful for a small period of time before more states were created and tipped off the balance. The Missouri compromise wasn’t effective in reducing sectional tension, because it was only effective for a small period of time before sectional struggle began over the new territories that were being settled. Another example of a quick fix to reduce sectional tension is the Compromise of 1850. California created a state constitution that prohibited slavery, which of course caused the South to oppose bid for statehood. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, enacted a fugitive slave law, and created the territories of Utah and New Mexico, it also let them decide if they wanted to be a free or slave state. How to cite Political Compromise, Essay examples

The Hundred Years War Essays - House Of Capet, House Of Plantagenet

The Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War was a war between England and France in which France defended its' crown against British rule. This war had many effects on the people of each country. The origin of the war goes back to the conquest of William for England. In 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, led an army into England. He won this battle and became the king of England. This was possible under feudalism. Feudalism is a form of social classification in which the members of an upper class are granted fifes, or pieces of land, by higher ranking noblemen return for their military service. The vassal, the person receiving the land, had to go through ceremony in which they would say that they would be faithful to their overlord and fight for them if needed. In return the overlord would protect the vassal (Lace 12). Many years later Isabella, the wife of King Edward II of England, plotted to kill Edward II making her son Edward III king (Lace 12). Because Edward III was very young she would be able to rule the country through him. Edward II sent his son and Isabella to pay homage to Charles IV in 1325 for French land that Edward II owned. Isabella took her lover, Roger de Mortimer, with them and while there they began to make their plans. After homage is paid to Charles IV the three went to Hainault. While there Isabella and Mortimer convinced the Count of Hainault, William, to help them overthrow the king. In 1327, with the help of William's troops, Isabella and Mortimer successfully overthrew Edward II and made Edward III king. During their overthrow, King Charles IV of France, Isabella's brother, died. When he died he had no children to leave the throne to, but his wife Jeanne was pregnant. When she gave birth though she had a stillborn daughter. This enabled Charles' cousin, Philip of Valois, king. Some of the people objected. Some thought that since Isabella was his sister she was closer to the throne than Philip and that she should be queen. Others thought that since Edward was his nephew he should be king, but the majority of the French were against Edward becoming their king (14). Philip was favored for many reasons: He was older: Philip was 35 and Edward was 15, Edward was under the control of his mother and Mortimer; Edward was a well known warrior, and Edward was considered a foreigner (14). Edward then decided that he was tired of being controlled. On October 19, 1330, Edward gathered a small army together and burst into Isabella and Mortimer's bedroom. He seized Mortimer and hung him the next morning. He left Mortimer's body hanging for 2 days and nights. Isabella was treated more carefully. She was imprisoned and confined to several castles for life (16). In 1337 Edward III would return to France to claim what he felt what was rightfully his. (Time Life 17). On October 19, 1337, Edward III drafted a document to Philip of Valois that said that Edward was the rightful king of France and that Edward would no longer pay homage to Philip of the French lands that he owned. This letter was given to him by Henry Burghersh, the bishop of England. Philip just sat back and smiled and prepared for war (Time Life 17). Edward drafted this document because he disagreed with the way that Philip was ruling the land that he owned. There were dukes and lords appointed by Philip to rule over the lands of Edward III. Edward wanted to rule them himself. The two tried to work out their differences, but failed. This situation was made more awkward because of other economic problems between the 2 countries. England and France depended on each other. France was England's main supplier of salt and France depended on England for wool. English also held the port at Bordeaux in France enabling them to control transportation along the English Channel. Philip of Valois wanted to control the sea traffic so he began to form links with Scotland, England's hostile neighbor. England and Scotland were not on good terms with one another and had been fighting since the 1290's (19). In 1314 the English, under Edward II lost to the Scottish at Bannockburn. Edward III made a treaty with the Scottish in 1328 but intervened in 1329 when their leader Robert Bruce, died. The English then deposed David II, Bruce's son and the new king. To help