Emerging Markets Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging Markets Economies - Essay Example This paper is based on the writings of Rousseau and Sylla on financial institutions and their role in expansion of trade and economic growth. Lessons which can be learned by emerging economies from the US are presented and described at length within this paper. Moreover the paper discusses the implementation of various models for a sound financial system and description of its role in enhancing expansion of trade and economic growth of emerging markets. It is through a good or sound financial system that rapid economic growth can be realized by emerging market. As a result, emerging economies must put in place a sound public debt and finances system (Rousseau and Sylla, 2001, p. 2). The financial markets are critical in the development of any economy and thus emerging markets must prioritize stabilization of their financial systems. For example, the remarkable growth of the US capital markets and banking systems is attributed to the rapid growth of its economy and acceleration of tra de within the country and internationally (Rousseau and Sylla, 1999, p. 4). This illustrates the role of financial markets in empowering individuals and businesses through provision of credit facilities as capital to enhance their trade. The efforts of the individual businesses in their trade endeavors will in return promote the ultimate economic growth of the economy. Moreover, the confidence and morale of investors is improved when there is availability and access to credit facilities. As a result, the investors will make use of the credit facilities and invest in the economy leading to expansion of trade and the economy in general. Monetary exchanges which characterize trade activities are promoted through a sound financial system. Banks enhance business transactions which are attributed to expansion of trade within emerging markets and thus growth of businesses. Rousseau and Sylla (2001, p. 42) emphasize that expansion of businesses into corporations and their internalization de monstrates a rapid growth of the economy. Rousseau and Sylla (1999, p. 15) reaffirm that the growth in stock of money or liquid money through expansion and increase of bank loans promotes financial development, economic growth and trade. For example, the increased liquid money in the expanded US bank credit boosted foreign investment through investors who were now more confident to invest in the economy. As a result imports were encouraged in addition to the increased application of modern production methods and thus internal economic growth. In this sense, financial are accredited for expansion of a country’s trade into import and export trade. Because of the growth of an emerging market’s trade into international orientations, foreign exchange is attained and hence further growth of the economy. It is the liquid money which finances businesses within an emerging economy Rousseau and Sylla (1999). The rate of exchange of liquid money within an economy demonstrates tha t there is rapidity of trade activities and hence a reflection of an expanding economy. According to Rousseau and Sylla (2001, p. 21), stable monetary arrangements within a country is one of the most important prerequisites to expansion of trade and growth of the economy. Monetary arrangements include policies which govern the financial systems. This means that emerging markets or economies must

Uncertainty reduction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Uncertainty reduction theory - Essay Example lationship has been made certain and they seem to be engaging in verbal discussion probably disclosing information about self and reciprocating each other’s feelings based on how they are looking at each other. The film the Twilight is about a young man who is a vampire and a young lady who are schoolmates. The man distances himself from others and does not consider himself likeable to anyone. The young woman however sees something different in him that she likes and hence tries to find out more about him as well as seek courage and opportunity to be close to him. The Twilight is the best film to explain the concept of uncertainty reduction theory. Bella observes Edward from a far in the cafeteria trying to figure him out and wanting to know about him and why he seems mysterious. This is the passive strategy phase where there is simply observation of the person in an environment that seems natural. Bella goes further and starts asking fellow students about Edward in a bid to find out more about him and this is the active strategy phase. The fact that they take the class is an added advantage to the fact finding mission. Finally the opportunity to talk to him comes when Edward is made Bella’s Biology partners and they get to talk. This is the interactive strategy phase of the theory (Littlejohn and Foss 52). The talk reduces the uncertainties Bella had about Edward as she gets to know him better through verbal output as they talk and non-verbal warmth as either party shows signs of willingness to be more than lab partners. They self-disclose information about each other while communicating and they start reciprocating their feelings towards each other once the liking and similarity phase has passed and they have formed a relation even though it has its own share of complications (Knapp and Vangelisti, 64). The uncertainty reduction theory has helped explain my relationship with my best friend fort the last four years. I saw her when she moved into my

The Power of Angels in America Essay -- Kushner Angels in America Essa

The Power of Angels in America         Ã‚  "Such ethical possibility is, however, founded on and coextensive with the subject's movement toward what Foucault calls 'care of the self,' the often very fragile concern to provide the self with pleasure and nourishment in an environment that is perceived not particularly to offer them." -Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick    "Demanding that life near AIDS is an inextricably other reality denies our ability to recreate a sustaining culture and social structures, even as we are daily required to devote such time to the details of the AIDS crisis." -Cindy Patton    Tony Kushner's two-part play (or, if you will, two plays) Angels In America is one of most famous and most powerful plays about AIDS and gay life to come out of the early 1990s. It not only engages with the political issues surrounding AIDS and homosexuality in Reaganite America, but also deals with deeply philosophical questions of identity and the nature of God. It's no surprise that this play has sparked comment, including the criticism of the conservative right. In this paper, I intend to examine two of the articles written on the play. The first, Gordon Rogoff's "Angels in America, Devils in the Wings," is quite problematic, and errors of fact that the author makes about the play lead me to wonder at its value for analysis. The second article, Charles McNulty's "Angels in America: Tony Kushner's Theses on the Philosophy of History" pose some difficult questions regarding the plays' relationship to the concept of history, arguing that Millennium Approaches1 deconstruc ts history while Perestroika moves away from this deconstruction. According to McNulty, this is a problem in the second part of the pla... ... One of Angels in America. Perestroika is Part Two of the play. Works Cited Kushner, Tony. Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches. New York: Theatre Communications Group, Inc., 1992. ---. Angels in America, Part Two: Perestroika. New York: Theatre Communications Group, Inc., 1992. McNulty, Charles. "Angels in America: Tony Kushner's Theses on the Philosophy of History." Modern Drama 39.1 (1996): 84-96. Patton, Cindy. "Teaching About AIDS." Inventing AIDS. New York: Routledge, 1990. 99-120. Rogoff, Gordon. "Angels in America, Devils in the Wings." Theater 24.2 (1993), 21-29. Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. "Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading; Or, You're So Paranoid, You Probably Think This Introduction is About You." Novel Gazing: Queer Readings in Fiction. Ed. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Durham: Duke UP, 1997. 1-37. The Power of Angels in America Essay -- Kushner Angels in America Essa The Power of Angels in America         Ã‚  "Such ethical possibility is, however, founded on and coextensive with the subject's movement toward what Foucault calls 'care of the self,' the often very fragile concern to provide the self with pleasure and nourishment in an environment that is perceived not particularly to offer them." -Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick    "Demanding that life near AIDS is an inextricably other reality denies our ability to recreate a sustaining culture and social structures, even as we are daily required to devote such time to the details of the AIDS crisis." -Cindy Patton    Tony Kushner's two-part play (or, if you will, two plays) Angels In America is one of most famous and most powerful plays about AIDS and gay life to come out of the early 1990s. It not only engages with the political issues surrounding AIDS and homosexuality in Reaganite America, but also deals with deeply philosophical questions of identity and the nature of God. It's no surprise that this play has sparked comment, including the criticism of the conservative right. In this paper, I intend to examine two of the articles written on the play. The first, Gordon Rogoff's "Angels in America, Devils in the Wings," is quite problematic, and errors of fact that the author makes about the play lead me to wonder at its value for analysis. The second article, Charles McNulty's "Angels in America: Tony Kushner's Theses on the Philosophy of History" pose some difficult questions regarding the plays' relationship to the concept of history, arguing that Millennium Approaches1 deconstruc ts history while Perestroika moves away from this deconstruction. According to McNulty, this is a problem in the second part of the pla... ... One of Angels in America. Perestroika is Part Two of the play. Works Cited Kushner, Tony. Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches. New York: Theatre Communications Group, Inc., 1992. ---. Angels in America, Part Two: Perestroika. New York: Theatre Communications Group, Inc., 1992. McNulty, Charles. "Angels in America: Tony Kushner's Theses on the Philosophy of History." Modern Drama 39.1 (1996): 84-96. Patton, Cindy. "Teaching About AIDS." Inventing AIDS. New York: Routledge, 1990. 99-120. Rogoff, Gordon. "Angels in America, Devils in the Wings." Theater 24.2 (1993), 21-29. Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. "Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading; Or, You're So Paranoid, You Probably Think This Introduction is About You." Novel Gazing: Queer Readings in Fiction. Ed. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Durham: Duke UP, 1997. 1-37.

Characteristics of Successful College Students Essay

Health Psychology is a specialty that focuses on how different biological, psychological, social and behavioral factors influence the recovery of ones health and illnesses. The committee has set forth five specialists to collaborate on the study of the illness and to give specialized treatment in each area of recovery while dealing with such situations. (Cherry, 2000, p. 1) Each case is a specialized issue requiring treatment of each of the five different areas of Psychology input and or treatment. The five areas include a Psychologist that will work on specific issues that pertain to their area of study and or profession. The five Psychologist will include a Substance abuse counselor; Inpatient-only Psychologist; Child Psychologist; Adult Psychologist and finally a Rehabilitation Psychologist to focus on the after care portion of the recovery process. In the substance abuse counselor role, the abuse counselor will collaborate and coordinate the use of recovery programs and structured programs for substance abuse in conjunction with a social worker to aid in the assessment and to develop a plan of recovery for our patients. In this area the psychologist will clarify the frequency and duration of substance use if any and confirm the substance abuse pattern of the patient. The substance abuse counselor will also determine the severity of substance related problems in the last 12 months. The counselor will then determine if there was ever any substance abuse treatment history and review any medications and medical conditions of the patients. Once this process is complete the substance abuse counselor will do an in depth assessment, complete a family interview and give specialized treatment diagnosis, followed by continued therapy to prevent relapse of substance abuse. The substance abuse counselor will then forward necessary information about the patient to the Inpatient-only Psychologist. The Inpatient-only Psychologist will then Diagnose stress disorders and aid in stress-relief interventions, and utilize various methods to facilitate adjustment and coping skills with patients suffering a chronic or terminal illness. The inpatient-only psychologist will also contribute to improving in patient health by helping the patient and his or her families learn coping methods to deal with their illness. Providing specific inpatient therapies and services to the patients admitted to the hospital is a necessary portion of the recovery process for the patients. Many patients have been admitted into the hospital because they lack certain self-help skills and will to kick their habit. Being an inpatient will also help the individual and their family members by giving family therapy sessions and individual therapy sessions to the patients. Once the sessions are complete the individual will be referred to specific support groups if they choose to participate in this portion of the treatment process. In addition, the role of the inpatient-only psychologist will also give support to the improvement and the maintenance of the patient’s recovery by helping the patients adjust to their illness and help them learn to maintain their usual lifestyle. The Inpatient-only Psychologist will then forward necessary document to continue treatment with a Child Psychologist for child patients, and an Adult Psychologist for adult patients. The Child Psychologist will provide psychological preparation methods for children prior to medical procedures, and Collaborate with local schools. The child psychologist will also give insight to children and families on how to prepare for hospitalization if needed. The need for such preparation is a prediction on the belief that hospitalizations and surgery are traumatic, anxiety-producing experiences for children and their families, which can lead to long-term psychological disturbances. (Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 1976, p.226-30) Various methods will be used to provide the child and his or her family with information about the hospital and the procedure or operation. If needed a nurse or social worker will be provided to visit the child at home before he or she comes to the hospital. The nurse will be able to answer and questions the child and his or her family may have about the hospital and the procedure that will follow. If necessary the nurse and or child psychologist will provide a pamphlet explaining the forth-coming hospitalization and surgery, which they can read to the child before he or she comes to the hospital. Lastly if necessary the child psychologist can set up visits for the child to be able to visit the hospital prior to admission to become familiar with the setting and the hospital staff to get another form of comfort. Pharmaceutical treatment methods are going to be necessary in this case. Pharmaceutical treatment methods will provide the child with things such as antidepressants, muscle relaxes and anti-inflammatory medications to help control some of the symptoms they are experiencing after surgery is complete. Behavioral and cognitive treatment methods are also necessary to give the child other options than drugs to treat some of the mental issues in dealing with life after surgery. The patient may need to consult with a psychologist and other health care professional to deal with chronic symptoms. In looking at treatment methods to cope with pain its good that there are more than one treatment option available. Depending on the pain and the severity of the pain, more than one treatment method may be necessary An Adult Psychologist will provide psychological preparation methods for adults prior to medical procedures and surgery. Various methods will be used to provide the child and his or her family with information about the hospital and the procedure or operation. If needed a nurse or social worker will be provided to visit the child at home before he or she comes to the hospital. The nurse will be able to answer and questions the child and his or her family may have about the hospital and the procedure that will follow. Pharmaceutical treatment methods are going to be necessary in this case as well. Pharmaceutical treatment methods will provide the patient with things such as antidepressants, muscle relaxes and anti-inflammatory medications to help control some of the symptoms they are experiencing after surgery is complete. The Adult Psychologist will help the patient cope to adjustments needed to deal with a chronic or terminal illness. The Adult Psychologist will also help the adult improve adherence to medical regimens. Using such behavioral methods such as tailoring the regimen to make it as compatible with the patients habits and rewarding him or her for following the given regimen can and will help to improve patient compliance. The adult psychologist will also work with the adult patient to focus on understanding how they will react to, cope with and recover from their illness. In looking at treatment methods to cope with pain its good that there are more than one treatment option available. Depending on the pain and the severity of the pain, more than one treatment method may be necessary. Surgical treatment options in my opinion are the option that should be chosen should all else fail. Surgical treatment options will require more extensive after care procedures and needs. This is where the final psychologist comes into play. The final Psychologist that I choose will be a Rehabilitation Psychologist. The Rehabilitation Psychologist will work with the child or adult to get a comprehensive evaluation to assist the rehabilitation team with meeting the patients needs. The rehabilitation psychologist will build a team to assist the patient with cognitive, behavioral, physical, emotional, social and other needs after being released from the hospital. The rehabilitation psychologist will contribute in improvement in overall patient health by helping the patient relate better with their world. The rehabilitation process will be an ongoing process in which the patient will interact with the rehabilitation team to develop a plan for full recovery whether physical, mental, emotional or social therapy is the key aspect. Each of the five psychologists will work together to ensure that the proper care and after care procedures are met for each patient during their inpatient stay at the facility. The psychologist will work together to improve patient stays at the facility and make sure that no page is left unturned, to also ensure one hundred percent recovery rates. Patients and their families will be required to attend group sessions to be able to better develop a plan of care for the patient in the aid to better their chances for recovery. During the process the psychologist will attend weekly meetings to work together to better understand the patients behavioral, physical, and emotional or social needs. Behavioral treatment options can come in many forms. It may come in the form of consulting with a psychologist to discuss issues that are going on. Other options may include group sessions to speak openly about depressive and or other emotional feelings that one is coping with regarding their current well being. Cognitive therapy is a treatment option that focuses on helping patients deal with a specific portion of the problem. With this type of treatment, patients focus on identifying and changing destructive and disturbing thought patterns. Having a portion of all of the listed behavioral treatment options can help with different portions of treatment when it comes to illness such as hospital stays and surgeries. In all of the cases of illnesses more than one treatment option is needed. Having all of the five listed Psychologist will contribute to overall patient health. The substance abuse counselor will contribute to improvement by getting the patient off drugs or give the patient hope and confidence in their current situation. The Inpatient-only psychologist will provide treatment for chronic pain and utilize various methods to facilitate adjustment and coping skills, and also improve in overall patient help by helping the patient cope with the illness. A child psychologist will no only consult with the child prior to the medical procedures and surgery, but will also contribute by preparing the patient adequately for a procedure. And adult psychologist will also consult with the adults prior to the medical procedures and prepare the patient adequately for a procedure. And lastly the rehabilitation psychologist will help adults and children with any physical or mental limitation that occur after and or before surgery buy implementing a daily rehabilitation plan to improve their functionability. With all of the five psychologists working together on a team to contribute to therapy and aftercare treatment there should be 100% patient and family satisfaction. This is to ensure that no treatment desired or needed is overlooked. Each psychologist will assess the information given from the previous to determine they are all on the same track for recovery method for each patient. Each patient will be dealt with individually and will not have a considerable diagnosis without full assessment from each of the five-listed psychologist to ensure they have the proper plan to help promote improvement in overall patient health. References (). Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain. In (pp. 319-342). University of Phoenix American Accreditation Health Care Commission (n. d. ). Retrieved January 14,2010, from www. healthcentral. com American Behavioral Scientist (1994). Challenges for the 21st Century. Special Issue. Retrieved 07/10/10, from www. healthypeople. gov Cherry, K. (2000). What is Health Psychology. Retrieved January 28,2011, from www. about. com Journal of Pediatric Psychology. (1976). Preparation of Children for Hospitalization (Vol. 1 No. 4 ed. ). Missouri: Author.

The American Society During the Great Depression in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1565 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Grapes of Wrath Essay Great Depression Essay Did you like this example? The Great Depression was a period of low business activity and overall economic crisis that plagued America for roughly ten years, beginning in 1929 and finally coming to an end in 1939. John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath is a fictional novel detailing the lives of one Oklahoma farm family, the Joads, who are driven by the hope for a better future, searching for it in the promised land of California. The Grapes of Wrath was published in 1939, as the Great Depression was finally coming to an end. Due to the timing of the publishing, as well as the consistencies between the fictional text and actual recounts of the event, inductions about the environment surrounding the time period can easily be made. Most notably, Steinbeck draws attention to the economical, societal, cultural and political impact made by the depression, incorporating various themes throughout the novel to establish minute details about the trials that accompanied living through it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The American Society During the Great Depression in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath" essay for you Create order Economically speaking, depression means a long and severe recession in an economy or market. That being said, a conclusion can be made that the Great Depression had a significant impact on the economy. Hours and wages were cut for hard workers, so much so that even a full family working every day would not earn enough money to feed everyone. Steinbeck expresses this issue with the economy repeatedly throughout the novel, first through explaining the impact of the dust bowl, then by criticizing the behavior of banks across America. The Grapes of Wrath sheds light on the fact that these violent dust storms destroyed their community as well as land, making their crops unusable. Men and women huddled in their houses, and they tied handkerchiefs over their noses when they went out, and wore goggles to protect their eyes. When the night came again it was black night, for the stars could not pierce the dust to get down( ) Now the dust was evenly mixed with the air. As a result of the storm, farmers could no longer sell the amount of crops needed to pay the banks, which is where the economics of it comes into play. When the banks took their land, the people of Oklahoma fled to California in search of a more forgiving job market. Okies, as well as the rest of middle-lower class America, began to realize that [companies] breathe profits; they eat the interest of money. In fact, they were not companies at all, they were monsters-creatures so heartless and cruel that they couldnt possibly be the work of humans. The bank is something more than men, I tell you. Its the monster. Men made it, but they cant control it, one farmer tells the Joads before they begin their journey to California. This inequality of power paves the way for an important motif found in the book, where Steinbeck establishes the helplessness which belongs to the working class in this time period. Steinbeck gives another glimpse into the Great Depression by indirectly describing the environment of American society as a whole. The class-gap in society is divided by a sharp line, most clearly demonstrated in conversations between landowners and workers, of upper and lower class. This break in unity is also exhibited by the Californians, who treat those migrants of Oklahoma with disdain merely because of where they are from. The first person Tom Joad stops to talk to in California is the one who introduced the family to the term Okie, someone from Oklahoma, and makes clear to them that it is not a term of endearment. Seemingly every person the family encounters views them as immigrant scum. The attitude towards the Okies, or anyone of a lower class, is blown to such a proportion that would make them seem like criminal invaders. When referencing the Oklahoma immigrants, one even exclaims how they got to keep em in line or Christ only knows what theyll do! Why, Jesus, theyre as da ngerous as the [Negros] in the South! If they ever get together there aint nothin thatll stop em. Racial harmony was nowhere in sight during this period of history, between the slave trade and Jim Crow laws, which means that being compared to black people solely because of ones social status would be highly offensive. The classist segregation, along with the economical aspect of the banks control, is what forced the peasants and farmers out of the land they were raised on. Steinbeck shows that this forced removal sparked the desire for a resistance through an early conversation between the Al, the youngest of the Joad boys, and a fellow Okie in the beginning of the novel. Upon hearing about the monster that is the bank, Al suggests the idea of killing the bank, because maybe [they] got to fight to keep [their] land like Pa and Grampa did. Steinbeck conveys to the reader the anger those in the working class held, showcased through the juvenile perspective of a sixteen-year-old boy. The most notable difference in cultures found in this book is that of the Okies and that of the Californians. The poor farmers who migrated to foreign lands for the betterment of their family were called by this seemingly derogatory name-an action that indirectly and presumably forced the Oklahoma natives into a state of intense inequality and discrimination in the promised land of California. As previously mentioned, the term is used in such a way that is meant to degrade the individuals as much as the n-word. The way Steinbeck characterizes the Californians views towards these immigrants with harsh and pessimistic views on their personal intentions. For example, one Californian claims they got to keep [those] here people down or theyll take the country. Theyll take the country. Outlanders, foreigners. This was upon first seeing the Joads as well, so it is obvious that they needed little time of knowing these outsiders before making their judgement on how they should be treated. Ste inbeck portrays this period as being positive only got those who are rich and white. If someone living during the Great Depression and they were black, middle class, or even a peasant trying to feel their family, it would make no difference on the amount of respect they were treated with. Politically speaking, the main conflict in the novel seems to be the rise of industrialization. Since the Second Industrial Revolution came to an end shortly before the Great Depression began, the improved farming techniques developed during the period became necessary after the dust bowl made the cultivation of crops so difficult. In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck relates the concept of industrialization to the farmers by describing it with disturbing humanistic traits. Behind the harrows, the long seeders-twelve curved iron penes erected in the foundry, orgasms set by gears, raping methodically, raping without passion. The driver sat in his iron seat and he was proud of the straight lines he did not will, proud of the tractor he did not own or love, proud of the power he could not control. And when that crop grew, and was harvested, no man had crumbled a hot clod in his fingers and let the earth sift past his fingertips. No man had touched the seed, or lusted for the growth. In addition to altering their entire known way of living, the farmers growing attachment to their homeland is also greatly damaged. Due to the novels continuous support of social change in favor of the working class, it can also be inferred that Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath is a strong novel in favor of a proletarian revolution. Highlighting the unfair working conditions and the fight of the workers, Steinbecks portrayal advocates for social change in the journey to the coveted American Dream. One example of this, and perhaps the most powerful of all, comes towards the end of the novel in its climax. After the rain came and ended the drought, the reactions of the adults proves them to be strongminded individuals who will not give up without a fight-an attitude the reader can also assume was prominent during the Depression itself. The women watched the men, watched to see whether the break had come at last. The women stood silently and watched. And where a number of men gathered together, the fear went from their faces, and anger took its place. And the women sighed with relief, for they knew it was all right-the break had not come; and the break would never come as long as fear could turn to wrath. After the rain falls, the Joads leave their boxcar abode, and Rose of Sharons baby is stillborn, the conditions of living in this period could not be worse. However, the working class-in this instance, the Joads specifically-is driven by motivation for change despite hardships that may accompany it. In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck uses the fictional Joad family to portray the experiences of many American citizens during the Great Depression-using them to express the circumstances dealt with by the average middle-class citizen. Through reading the novel, one can gather much information about the Great Depression itself, namely that about its economics, society, culture, and politics. By writing about the strong-arm characteristics held by the bank, division of working classes, cultural differences between immigrants and natives, and the proletarian attitude held by many, Steinbeck successfully and accurately depicts the living environment present during the Great Depression.

Humor And How Does It Affect Brand Imaging, Interpersonal...

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The Field Of Banking And Finance - 934 Words

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The finance industries implement a distributed information center. The client’s data and information regarding the transactions get replicated in different terminals to enhance the easy transactions between